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Table of Contents:
Thematic Contents Editing Skills: Contents Preface   Chapter 1   ACTIVE READING    Learning to Be an Active Reader    Keeping a Journal    Previewing the Reading   Title   Author and Other Publication Facts   Visual Features and Supplements   Responses and Predictions    A First Reading    Staying Aware of Conventions   Subject     Main Idea or Thesis   Supporting Material   Patterns of Organization   Paragraphs   Transitions    A Sample Essay: Bob Greene, “Handled with Care”    Marking the Text    Clarifying Meaning   Using the Dictionary   Reading Aloud   Discussing   Rereading    Making Inferences and Associations   Reading between the Lines   Developing Inference Skills   Responding to Tone    Writing to Understand and Respond   Writing a Summary   Other Ways to Respond in Writing Chapter 2   THE READING-WRITING CONNECTION    Writing in Response to Reading    Building an Essay   Finding Ideas   Devising a Working Thesis   Making a Plan   Composing a Draft   Improving the Draft   Targeting the Readers   Getting Feedback   Polishing the Final Draft    Sample Student Essay   TaraCoburn, “Someone to Help”    Resources for Writers on the Internet    Responding to a Reading   Russell Baker, “Learning to Write”   Suggestions for Writing   Chapter 3   STRATEGIES FOR CONVEYING IDEAS: NARRATION AND DESCRIPTION    Images and Ideas   For Discussion and Writing    The Point of Narration and Description   Using Narratives   Using Description    The Principles of Narration and Description   Organizing the Events   Including Specific Details   Selecting Descriptive Words    The Pitfalls of Narration and Description    What to Look For in Narration and Description    Evan Thomas, “Rain of Fire”   Writing Step by Step: Describing a Catastrophe   Editing Skills: Sentence Combining    Mike Royko, “Jackie’s Debut: A Unique Day”   Writing Step by Step: An Eye-Opening Childhood Experience   Editing Skills: Punctuating Conversation    Ben McGrath, “Walking Away”   (Combining Strategies)   Writing Step by Step: Quitting a Job   Editing Skills: Quotation Marks inside Quotations    Jack Lewis, “Road Work”   Writing Step by Step: Being Helpful   Editing Skills: Choosing There, Their, or They’re    Kelly Berlin (student), “Domestic Abuse”   Chapter 4   STRATEGIES FOR MAKING A POINT: EXAMPLE AND ILLUSTRATION    Images and Ideas   For Discussion and Writing    The Point of Example and Illustration   Using Examples to Explain and Clarify   Using Examples and Illustrations to Convince    The Principles of Example and Illustration   Select Appropriate Examples   Give Plenty of Examples   Include Specific Information    The Pitfalls of Example and Illustration    What to Look For in Example and Illustration    Elizabeth Berg, “My Heroes”   Writing Step by Step: Everyday Heroes   Editing Skills: Semicolons between Sentences     Brent Staples, “‘Just Walk On By’: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space”   Writing Step by Step: Mistaken Stereotypes   Editing Skills: Commas around Interrupters    Daniel R. Meier, “One Man’s Kids”   Writing Step by Step: Qualities for Success   Editing Skills: Using Subordination    Tim Jones, “The Working Poor” (Combining Strategies)   Writing Step by Step: Financial Troubles   Editing Skills: Using Commas in Series    Nick Boyer (student), “ Look Around First” Chapter 5   STRATEGIES FOR CLARIFYING MEANING: DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION    Images and Ideas   For Discussion and Writing    The Point of Definition and Explanation    The Principles of Definition and Explanation   Descriptive Details   Examples   Narration   Comparison   Contrast    The Pitfalls of Definition and Explanation   Missing Your Audience   Going in Circles   Abstraction   Leaving Information Out    What to Look For in Definitions and Explanations    Gloria Naylor, “‘Mommy, What Does “Nigger” Mean?’”   Writing Step by Step: Multiple Meanings   Editing Skills: Hyphens    Isaac Asimov, “What Is Intelligence, Anyway?”    (Combining Strategies)   Writing Step by Step: Defining an Abstraction   Editing Skills: Using the Right Tense    Dennis Baron, “The Noun Game: A Simple Grammar Lesson Leads to a Clash of Civilizations”   Writing Step by Step: Explaining a Cultural Practice   Editing Skills: Using Noun Clauses    Lilly Gonzalez, “Viva Spanglish!”   Writing Step by Step: Subgroup Identity   Editing Skills: Using Coordination    Kerri Mauger (student), “Nothing to Be Scared Of ”   Chapter 6   STRATEGIES FOR SORTING IDEAS: CLASSIFICATION AND DIVISION    Images and Ideas   For Discussion and Writing    The Point of Classification and Division    The Principles of Classification and Division   Give a Purpose to Your Classification   Establish a Clear Basis for Your Classification   Make Your Groups Parallel and Equal    The Pitfalls of Classification and Division    What to Look For in a Classification    Judith Viorst, “Friends, Good Friends–and Such Good Friends”  (Combining Strategies)   Writing Step by Step: Romantic Relationships   Editing Skills: Using Pronouns Consistently    Franklin Zimring, “Confessions of an Ex-Smoker”    Writing Step by Step: More Than One Way to Solve a Problem    Editing Skills: Avoiding Sexist Language    David Elkind, “Types of Stress for Young People”   Writing Step by Step: Types of Social Pressure   Editing Skills: Transitions    Juleyka Lantigua, “The Latino Show”   Writing Step by Step: TV Portrayals   Editing Skills: Using Apostrophes    Ben Hardy (student),  “Three Ways to Use a Recipe”   Chapter 7   STRATEGIES FOR EXAMINING TWO SUBJECTS: COMPARISON AND CONTRAST    Images and Ideas   For Discussion and Writing    The Point of Comparison and Contrast   Using Comparisons to Explain   Using Comparisons to Persuade   Using Contrast to Decide    The Principles of Comparison and Contrast   Using the Block-by-Block Plan   Similarities and Differences   Using the Point-by-Point Plan    The Pitfalls of Comparison and Contrast   Avoid Using Too Many Transitional Words   Avoid Repetition in Concluding    What to Look For in Comparison and Contrast    Nancy Masterson Sakamoto, “Conversational Ballgames”   Writing Step by Step: Extended Comparisons   Editing Skills: Commas after Dependent Elements    Suzanne Britt, “Neat People vs. Sloppy People” (Combining Strategies)   Writing Step by Step: Contrasting Types of People   Editing Skills: Using Apostrophes    Brendan O’Shaughnessy, “A Whole New Ballgame”   Writing Step by Step: Then and Now   Editing Skills: Choosing Its or It’s    Kathy Seal, “The Trouble with Talent: Are We Born Smart or Do We Get Smart?”   Writing Step by Step: Two Points of View   Editing Skills: Using Dashes    Lynn Cooper (student), “Watching from All Sides”      Alternate Arrangement   Chapter 8   STRATEGIES FOR EXPLAINING HOW THINGS WORK: PROCESS AND DIRECTIONS    Images and Ideas   For Discussion and Writing    The Point of Writing about Process and Directions    The Principles of Process and Directions    The Pitfalls of Process and Directions   Reviewing Your Process   Addressing Your Audience    What to Look For in Process and Directions    Carol Fleischman, “Shopping Can Be a Challenge”     (Combining Strategies)   Writing Step by Step: A Personal Approach to Shopping   Editing Skills: Using Parentheses    Michael Leddy, “How To E-mail a Professor”   Writing Step by Step: Message Mistakes   Editing Skills: Using Colons before Lists    Emily Nelson, “Making Fake Flakes”   Writing Step by Step: Behind the Scenes of a Process   Editing Skills: Punctuating Quotations    Steve Daly, “Change Agent: How Baker Pulled Off the ‘Werewolf’ Metamorphosis”      For Discussion and Writing    Ann Moroney (student), “A Graceful Stride”     Chapter 9   STRATEGIES FOR ANALYZING WHY THINGS HAPPEN: CAUSE AND EFFECT    Ideas and Images   For Discussion and Writing    The Point of Cause-and-Effect Writing    The Principles of Cause-and-Effect Writing   Types of Cause and Effects   Patterns of Cause and Effect    The Pitfalls of Cause-and-Effect Writing    What to Look For in Cause-and-Effect Writing Stephen King, “Why We Crave Horror Movies” (Combining Strategies)   Writing Step by Step: Entertainment Cravings   Editing Skills: Checking Pronoun Reference    Jade Snow Wong, “Fifth Chinese Daughter”   Writing Step by Step: Becoming Our Parents   Editing Skills: Using Parallel Structure    Greg Critser, “Supersize Me” Writing Step by Step: Getting to the Root Causes Editing Skills: Eliminating Wordiness    Sue Shellenbarger, “Young Workers With Dyslexia, ADD Find Office Less Accommodating Than School”   Writing Step by Step: The Person-Job Fit   Editing Skills: Using Commas after Introductory Clauses and Phrases    Brian L. Carter (student), “Almost a Winner” Chapter 10   STRATEGIES FOR INFLUENCING OTHERS: ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION    Images and Ideas   For Discussion and Writing    The Point of Argument and Persuasion    The Principles of Argument and Persuasion    The Elements of Good Argument   Claims   Evidence   Refutation    A Sample Annotated Argument:  Stephanie Pescitelli (student), “Misunderstood Medicine”    The Pitfalls of Argument and Persuasion   Taking on Too Much   Mistaking the Audience   Logical Fallacies    What to Look For in Argument and Persuasion    Debate: Do Same-Sex Couples Make Good Parents?    James C. Dobson, “Two Mommies Is One Too Many”    Jeff Pearlman, “Mom’s the Word”   Writing Step by Step: Taking Sides on Same-Sex Parenting   Editing Skills: Subject-Verb Agreement    Debate: How Real Is Reality TV?      Facts on File, “Reality Television: Issues and Controversies”    Michael Hirschorn, “The Case for Reality TV: What the Snobs Don’t Understand”    Oliver James, “Danger: Reality TV Can Rot Your Brain”    Anne Becker, “Hot or Not: Reality TV Can Be Harmful to Women”    Rita Dove, “Loose Ends”    Writing Step by Step: Pros and Cons of a Reality TV Show    Editing Skills: Using Questions      Debate: Can Money Buy Happiness? Cynthia Crossen, “Whether People Define Themselves as Happy Depends on the Era”   Ed Diener,  “Income and Happiness”   Pam Lambert and Alex Treniowski, “The High Cost of Winning”      Writing Step by Step: Engineering One’s Own Happiness      Editing Skills: Using Colons   Appendix: WRITING WITH SOURCES    Using Sources in Your Writing    Locating Sources   Using the Online Catalog   Using Indexes and Databases   Using the Internet    Evaluating Sources   Recognizing Bias   Judging Online Sources    Working with Sources   Taking Notes   Using a Research Notebook   Using the Printout/Photocopy Option   Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting   Devising a Working Outline    Writing a First Draft   Organizing Your Notes   Using Quotations and Paraphrases   Integrating Sources   Using Attributions and Lead-ins    Avoiding Plagiarism   Crediting Your Sources   Citing Sources Informally    Formatting Your Paper    Documenting Your Sources: MLA Style   In-Text Citations   Preparing the List of Works Cited   Works Cited List: Sample Entries    Books    Journals, Magazines, and Newspeprs    Online Publications    Sample student essay with sources: Brian L. Carter, “People, Pigeons, and Payoffs” Credits Index