Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyProgrammingLab does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyProgrammingLab  search for ISBN-10: 0133796302/ISBN-13: 9780133796308. That package includes ISBN-10: 0133776743/ISBN-13: 9780133776744 and ISBN-10:0133831779 /ISBN-13: 9780133831771. MyProgrammingLab is not a self-paced technology and should only be purchased when required by an instructor.   Starting Out with Java: Early Objects is intended for use in the Java programming course. It is also suitable for all readers interested in an introduction to the Java programming language.     Tony Gaddis’s accessible, step-by-step presentation helps beginning students understand the important details necessary to become skilled programmers at an introductory level. Gaddis motivates the study of both programming skills and the Java programming language by presenting all the details needed to understand the “how” and the “why”—but never losing sight of the fact that most beginners struggle with this material. His approach is both gradual and highly accessible, ensuring that students understand the logic behind developing high-quality programs. In Starting Out with Java: Early Objects, Gaddis looks at objects—the fundamentals of classes and methods—before covering procedural programming. As with all Gaddis texts, clear and easy-to-read code listings, concise and practical real-world examples, and an abundance of exercises appear in every chapter.   MyProgrammingLab for Starting Out with Java: Early Objects is a total learning package. MyProgrammingLab is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program that truly engages students in learning. It helps students better prepare for class, quizzes, and exams–resulting in better performance in the course–and provides educators a dynamic set of tools for gauging individual and class progress.   Teaching and Learning Experience This program presents a better teaching and learning experience—for you and your students. Personalize Learning with MyProgrammingLab: Through the power of practice and immediate personalized feedback, MyProgrammingLab helps students fully grasp the logic, semantics, and syntax of programming. Enhance Learning with the Gaddis Approach: Gaddis’s accessible approach features clear and easy-to-read code listings, concise real-world examples, and exercises in every chapter. Keep Your Course Current: Content is refreshed to provide the most up-to-date information on new technologies for your course. Support Instructors and Students: Student and instructor resources are available to expand on the topics presented in the text. 

Table of Contents:
Preface xv Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Java 1 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Why Program? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.4 Programming Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5 What Is a Program Made of? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.6 The Programming Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.7 Object-Oriented Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Review Questions and Exercises 24 Programming Challenge 28   Chapter 2 Java Fundamentals 31 2.1 The Parts of a Java Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.2 The System.out.print and System.out.println Methods, and the Java API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.3 Variables and Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.4 Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.5 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 2.6 Combined Assignment Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 2.7 Conversion between Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 2.8 Creating Named Constants with final . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 2.9 The String Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 2.10 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 2.11 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 2.12 Programming Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 2.13 Reading Keyboard Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 2.14 Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 2.15 The System.out.printf Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 2.16 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Review Questions and Exercises 118 Programming Challenges 123   Chapter 3 A First Look at Classes and Objects 129 3.1 Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 3.2 More about Passing Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 3.3 Instance Fields and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 3.4 Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 3.5 A BankAccount Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 3.6 Classes, Variables, and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 3.7 Packages and import Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 3.8 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Finding the Classes and Their Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 3.9 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Review Questions and Exercises 183 Programming Challenges 187   Chapter 4 Decision Structures 193 4.1 The if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 4.2 The if-else Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 4.3 The Payroll Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 4.4 Nested if Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 4.5 The if-else-if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 4.6 Logical Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 4.7 Comparing String Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 4.8 More about Variable Declaration and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 4.9 The Conditional Operator (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 4.10 The switch Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 4.11 Formatting Numbers with the DecimalFormat Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 4.12 Focus on Problem Solving: The SalesCommission Class . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 4.13 Generating Random Numbers with the Random Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 4.14 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Review Questions and Exercises 268 Programming Challenges 273   Chapter 5 Loops and Files 279 5.1 The Increment and Decrement Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 5.2 The while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 5.3 Using the while Loop for Input Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 5.4 The do-while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 5.5 The for Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 5.6 Running Totals and Sentinel Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 5.7 Nested Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 5.8 The break and continue Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 5.9 Deciding Which Loop to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 5.10 Introduction to File Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 5.11 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Review Questions and Exercises 342 Programming Challenges 348   Chapter 6 A Second Look at Classes and Objects 357 6.1 Static Class Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 6.2 Overloaded Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 6.3 Overloaded Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 6.4 Passing Objects as Arguments to Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 6.5 Returning Objects from Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 6.6 The toString Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 6.7 Writing an equals Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 6.8 Methods That Copy Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 6.9 Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 6.10 The this Reference Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 6.11 Inner Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 6.12 Enumerated Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 6.13 Garbage Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 6.14 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Class Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . 431 6.15 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Review Questions and Exercises 436 Programming Challenges 441   Chapter 7 Arrays and the ArrayList Class 449 7.1 Introduction to Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 7.2 Processing Array Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 7.3 Passing Arrays as Arguments to Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 7.4 Some Useful Array Algorithms and Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 7.5 Returning Arrays from Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 7.6 String Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 7.7 Arrays of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 7.8 The Sequential Search Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 7.9 The Selection Sort and the Binary Search Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 7.10 Two-Dimensional Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 7.11 Arrays with Three or More Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 7.12 Command-Line Arguments and Variable-Length Argument Lists . . . . 522 7.13 The ArrayList Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 7.14 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 Review Questions and Exercises 535 Programming Challenges 539   Chapter 8 Text Processing and Wrapper Classes 547 8.1 Introduction to Wrapper Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 8.2 Character Testing and Conversion with the Character Class . . . . . . . 548 8.3 More about String Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 8.4 The StringBuilder Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 8.5 Tokenizing Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 8.6 Wrapper Classes for the Numeric Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 8.7 Focus on Problem Solving: The TestScoreReader Class . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 8.8 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 Review Questions and Exercises 595 Programming Challenges 599   Chapter 9 Inheritance 605 9.1 What Is Inheritance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605 9.2 Calling the Superclass Constructor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616 9.3 Overriding Superclass Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 9.4 Protected Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 9.5 Classes That Inherit from Subclasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 9.6 The Object Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 9.7 Polymorphism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 9.8 Abstract Classes and Abstract Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651 9.9 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657 9.10 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 Review Questions and Exercises 669 Programming Challenges 675   Chapter 10 Exceptions and Advanced File I/O 681 10.1 Handling Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 10.2 Throwing Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 10.3 Advanced Topics: Binary Files, Random Access Files, and Object Serialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 10.4 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728 Review Questions and Exercises 729 Programming Challenges 735   Chapter 11 GUI Applications–Part 1 739 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 11.2 Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 11.3 Creating Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 11.4 Layout Managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 11.5 Radio Buttons and Check Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797 11.6 Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 11.7 Focus on Problem Solving: Extending the JPanel Class . . . . . . . . . . . 812 11.8 Splash Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826 11.9 Using Console Output to Debug a GUI Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827 11.10 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831 Review Questions and Exercises 831 Programming Challenges 836   Chapter 12 GUI Applications–Part 2 841 12.1 Read-Only Text Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841 12.2 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 12.3 Combo Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 12.4 Displaying Images in Labels and Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865 12.5 Mnemonics and Tool Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871 12.6 File Choosers and Color Choosers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 12.7 Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877 12.8 More about Text Components: Text Areas and Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 12.9 Sliders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 12.10 Look and Feel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 12.11 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897 Review Questions and Exercises 898 Programming Challenges 903   Chapter 13 Applets and More 909 13.1 Introduction to Applets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909     13.2 A Brief Introduction to HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911 13.3 Creating Applets with Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921 13.4 Using AWT for Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929 13.5 Drawing Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934 13.6 Handling Mouse Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954 13.7 Timer Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965 13.8 Playing Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969 13.9 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974 Review Questions and Exercises 974 Programming Challenges 980   Chapter 14 Creating GUI Applications with JavaFX 983 14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983 14.2 Scene Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 14.3 Using Scene Builder to Create JavaFX Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987 14.4 Writing the Application Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001 14.5 RadioButtons and CheckBoxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011 14.6 Displaying Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025 14.7 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1030 Review Questions and Exercises 1030 Programming Challenges 1034   Chapter 15 Recursion 1039 15.1 Introduction to Recursion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039 15.2 Solving Problems with Recursion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1042 15.3 Examples of Recursive Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046 15.4 A Recursive Binary Search Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053 15.5 The Towers of Hanoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056 15.6 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1060 Review Questions and Exercises 1061 Programming Challenges 1064   Chapter 16 Databases 1067 16.1 Introduction to Database Management Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067 16.2 Tables, Rows, and Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073 16.3 Introduction to the SQL SELECT Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077 16.4 Inserting Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098 16.5 Updating and Deleting Existing Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101 16.6 Creating and Deleting Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110 16.7 Creating a New Database with JDBC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114 16.8 Scrollable Result Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1115 16.9 Result Set Meta Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117 16.10 Displaying Query Results in a JTable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120 16.11 Relational Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1131 16.12 Advanced Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1152 16.13 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1154 Review Questions and Exercises 1155 Programming Challenges 1160 Appendix A Getting Started with Alice 2 1163 Index 1189 Credits 1205   Available on the book’s online resource page at www.pearsonhighered.com/gaddis Appendix B The ASCII/Unicode Characters Appendix C Operator Precedence and Associativity Appendix D Java Key Words Appendix E Installing the JDK and JDK Documentation Appendix F Using the javadoc Utility Appendix G More about the Math Class Appendix H Packages Appendix I Working with Records and Random-Access Files Appendix J Installing Java DB Appendix K The QuickSort Algorithm Appendix L Answers to Checkpoints Questions Appendix M Answers to Odd-Numbered Review Questions Case Study 1 The Amortization Class Case Study 2 The PinTester Class Case Study 3 Parallel Arrays Case Study 4 The SerialNumber Class Case Study 5 A Simple Text Editor Application