The argument rhetoric/reader that emphasizes style throughout. Presenting a holistic view of content and style, this argument rhetoric, reader, and research guide helps students analyze and evaluate what they read, argue persuasively, and communicate more clearly than they ever have before.  Students discover, internalize and apply at increasing levels of sophistication the impact of persuasive appeals (logos, pathos and ethos), the principles of critical thinking and the hallmarks of effective style through more than 200 embedded, guided activities directed at their own papers. 

Table of Contents:
Preface                                                                                                                                           Chapter 1: Communication and Persuasion: Logos, Pathos, Ethos                                                                 Attention, Arguing, and Inquiry     What are arguments?     The process of inquiry     The paradigm shift     Communicating Clearly and Effectively   Sascha Redetsky,  Don’t Judge Me by My Tights Convincing Reasons and Evidence Brian A. Courtney,Freedom from Choice Writing Assignment: Personal Argument Essay Finding your subject: Your writing situation      Two strategies for finding topics               Freewriting             Mapping Rhetoric and Rhetorical Situation          Rhetorical situation       Kairos Writing Persuasively   The Persuasive Appeals       Logos         Recognizing logos S. I. Hayakawa, On Human Survivall Noticing Overgeneralizations     Pathos       Recognizing pathos Julia Kraus, If I Told You, Would You Want to Hear?     Humor as pathos     Ethos     Recognizing ethos Elisabeth Bletsch,  Will  Part of You Be Left Behind? Thesis Statements       Evaluating your thesis statement Engaging Your Audience: Titles, Introductions, Conclusions       Features of good titles     Title strategies     Titles to avoid     Features of good introductions     Introductory strategies     Introductions to avoid     Features of good conclusions       Concluding strategies     Conclusions to avoid Actively Reading An Essay Sarah Krumrie, No, I Heard You–I Just Don’t Think It’s Funny Margo Brines, Forgo the Major Dilemma Sharing and Evaluating Essays A Note on Defining Grammar, Mechanics, and Usage   A Critical Thinker’s Guide for Evaluating Writing     Interchapter 1: Style and Voice Diction       Monosyllabic words     Multisyllabic words     Pretentious writing Other Features of Diction       Specific or general     Concrete or abstract       Literal or figurative     Literal language     Figurative language     Avoid clichés       Precise words       Watch Out for Things Voice   Tone       Analyzing attitude toward audience     Analyzing attitude toward subject      Sentence Tools           Simple sentences     Joining complete thoughts: coordination     Using semicolons to join complete thoughts         Using semicolons with formal transition words         Using Semicolons in a Complex Series   Solving Two Common Sentence Problems       Comma splices     Run-on sentences    Chapter 2: Strategies of Argumentation Using Examples, Authorities,  and Statistics Examples and Illustrations Writing Assignment: Illustration Using Authorities Using Statistics Using Contraries      Using contradictions and paradoxes     Contradictions      Writing Assignment: Contradiction     Paradoxes     Paradox and tolerance for ambiguity     Either/or thinking     Writing Assignment: Paradox     The wisdom of contraries Using Comparison       Organizing comparison: block and alternate patterns     Writing Assignment: Comparison Using Refutation      Writing Assignment: Refutation Using Induction and Deduction     Induction     Deduction     Using Narration and Description       Narration     Description Using Analogy       Explaining the mind Using Classification   Writing Assignment: Classification Using Cause and Effect       Writing Assignment: Cause and Effect     Using Analogy     Explaining the Mind     Writing Assignment: Analogy     Using Humor       Humorous tone  Using Definition       Digging for roots of words     Writing Assignment: Definition Essay     Writing Assignment: Exploring an Essay Exploring an Essay   Ashley Yuill, Choose Wisely David Gessner, A Feeling of Wildness Leonard Pitts, Jr.,Rejecting Feminism Makes No Sense Dave Barry , Eat All That You Can Eat   Interchapter 2: Voice and Emphasis Diction and Repetition     Repeating words for emphasis     Alliteration Sentence Tools       Joining complete and incomplete thoughts: subordination     Colons and dashes and voice      Colons     Dashes     Using pairs of dashes     Italics (Underlining) and voice     Parentheses and voice Fine-Tuning Sentences       Sentence fragments: pros and cons     Conciseness     Omit needless words     Omit needless words   Chapter 3: THE TOULMIN METHOD AND PROBLEMS IN REASONING Using the Toulmin Method to Argue     Kinds of arguments–kinds of claims     Laws and policies     Reality, facts     Values, morals, taste Warrants     Stating the warrant Daniel May,Practicing the Toulmin Method of Arguing Alyssa Huntoon, Toulmin Analysis of an Editorial Cartoon Gregg Nelson, Why Single Out Cell Phones  Exploring an essay using the Toulmin method          Dave Eggers, Serve or Fail               Margo Brines , Exploring Dave Eggers’s “Serve or Fail” with the Toulmin Method Writing Assignment: Exploring an Essay with the Toulmin Method Kathleen Parker, Children  Last Jessica Peck Corry, Republican Moms for Marijuana:“Time to Legalize Is Now”               Mike Adams, Weak Negotiating Fathers Problems in Reasoning       Finding the facts Implications, Assumptions, and Inferences       Implications     Assumptions Fallacies   Problems of Insufficient Evidence       Overgeneralizing John Gray, Wallets and Purses     Card stacking     Ad ignorantium     Post hoc ergo propter hoc     Problems Based on Irrelevant Information       Ad baculum     Ad hominem     Fallacy of opposition     Genetic fallacy     Guilt by association     Ad misericordiam     Ad populum     Bandwagon     Plain folks and snob appeal     Ad verecundiam     Red herring     Weak opponent     Tu quoque     Oversimplification Problems of Ambiguity       Amphibole     Begging the question     Equivocation     Loaded language     False analogy Other Problems of Faulty Reasoning       False dilemma (either/or thinking)     Non sequitur     Rationalization     Reductio ad absurdum     Slippery slope   Interchapter 3: Strategies of Repetition Sentence Tools      Parallelism     Anaphora     Epistrophe The Power of Threes in Sentences  Susan Ager,Baby, Baby, Baby, 3 Has Its Charms     Using threes in sentences: rising order or not     Varying sentence beginnings: three ways       Using -ing phrases     Misusing -ing Phrases: Misplaced Modifiers     Using -ed or -en phrases     Using To phrases   Chapter 4: ROGERIAN ARGUMENT Problems with the Argument Culture                                                                                          Rogerian Argument       Common Ground       Advantages and Disadvantages of Rogerian Argument Applying Rogerian Argument Richard Selzer, Brute Writing Assignment: Personal Essay Using Rogerian Argument Student Model Paper                                                                                                                      Critical Reading Strategies                                                                                                                     Outlining and Summarizing Writing Assignment: Using Rogerian Argument to Analyze Essays                                                     Gary Steiner, Animal, Vegetable, Miserable       Student Model Paper Readings for Rogerian Argument Courtney E. Martin,  The Undocumented American Dream John Hawkins,  5 Reasons Illegal Immigrants Shouldn’t Be Given American Citizenship Benjamin Could,  Cognitive Enhancement on Campus: Taking Competition Seriously Mitch Albom, The Real Tragedy of a Notre Dame Football Recruit’s Spring Break Death      Robert Voas, There’s No Benefit to Lowering the Drinking Age                                    John J. Miller, The Case Against 21                                                                                    Maggie Gallagher, The Message of Same-Sex Marriage  Scott Seider and Howard Gardner, The Fragmented Generation    Interchapter 4: Style and CONTRARIES Sentence Tools       Antithesis     Antithesis and balanced sentences     Loose and periodic sentences Fine-Tuning Sentences       False starts     Active and passive verbs   Chapter 5: RHETORICAL ANALYSIS What Is a Rhetorical Analysis? Why Do a Rhetorical Analysis?  Guidelines for Exploring an Essay for a Rhetorical Analysis Writing Assignment: A Rhetorical Analysis Dennis Prager , Is America Still Making Men       Student Model Paper Readings for Rhetorical Analysis Charles M. Blow,  Welcome to the Club Mitch Albom,  Don’t Shoot Holes in Gun Control Bills Eve Ensler, The Power and Mystery of Naming Things Anna Quindlen, Whoever We Are, Loss Finds Us and Defines Us Leonard Pitts, Jr., Sept. 12, 2001: We’ll Go Forward from This Moment  A Call for Unity: Letter from Eight White Clergymen  Martin Luther King, Jr.,  Letter from a Birmingham Jail   Interchapter 5: Exploring Style Presenting Yourself in E-Mail   Tools of Style   Guidelines for Writing an Essay to Explore Style Exploring the Style of a Passage   Writing Assignment: Exploring the Style of an Essay or a Speech   Rick Reilly, The Swooshification of the World  Student Model Paper Essays for Exploration   Anna Quindlen, Commencement Speech at Mount Holyoke College Martin Luther King Jr.,I Have a Dream   Chapter 6: Visual Arguments     News photographs     Feature photography     Staged images     Documentary photographs Writing Assignment: Photographs     essays exploring photographs      Like a photograph, a painting   Advertisements   Special Considerations for Exploring Ads     Student essays exploring advertisements   Writing Assignment: Advertisements Cartoons     Cartoons and creativity     Creativity and humor     Serious cartoons     Editorial cartoons Special Considerations for Exploring Cartoons Writing Assignment: Cartoons     Student essays exploring cartoons Film       Writing about a film Writing Assignment: Film Review       Guidelines for Writing a Film Review     Before you do research     Finding and synthesizing sources Student Film Review     Chapter 7: Critical Thinking about Poetryand Fiction Reading and Writing about Poetry   Theodore Roethke, My Papa’s Waltz     The language of poetry Emily Dickinson,A Narrow Fellow in the Grass     Elements of poetry     Diction     Imagery Theodore Roethke,Cellar     Figures of speech: metaphors, similes, and symbols Sylvia Plath, Metaphors     Tone     Speaker     Sound patterns     Structure     Line breaks Reading Notebook       William Stafford,Traveling through the Dark     Writing Assignment: An Essay about a Poem     Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays     Student essay exploring a poem   Poems to Consider for Writing an Essay       Mary Oliver,The Summer Day     Ted Kooser,Splitting an Order     Kim Noriega , Heaven, 1963     Paula Sergi, Vocations Club     Jim Daniels, Work Boots: Still Life     Bruce Weigl, May     Thomas Lux,Upon Seeing the Ultrasound Photo of an Unborn Child      Anne Sexton, Red Roses          Langston Hughes, Mother to Son         Naomi Shihab Nye, Famous Reading and Writing about Fiction       Stuart Dybek, Lights     Stuart Dybek, Maroon     Anne Caston, Flying Out with the Wounded     Elements of fiction     Plot and conflict     Character     Point of view     Setting     Moral issues Writing Assignment: An Essay about a Story       Stories to Consider for Writing an Essay          Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour          Raymond Carver, Popular Mechanics         Bonnie Jo Campbell, Shotgun Wedding          Stuart Dybek, Pet Milk Chapter 8: Research Strategies Research Writing Options       The report     The argument paper It May Feel Like a Mountain of Information Strategy One: Using Subject-Specific Encyclopedias           Preliminary reading and your research question Strategy Two: Looking for Books         The library catalog     Critical thinking in a research notebook     Taking notes Strategy Three: Looking for Articles       Using databases       Differences between magazines and journals      An advantage of journals      Newspaper articles and online archives     Divide your work into steps or phases     Look for the most recent sources first     Professional, technical, and specialty journals Strategy Four: Government Documents and Statistics     Biographical sources     Book reviews> Strategy Five: Doing Some Field Research      Guidelines for interviews Writing Assignment: Research Proposal        Example of research proposal   Chapter 9: Evaluating Evidence Scholarship and the Wikipedia Dilemma   Scott Jaschik, A Stand Against Wikipedia T. Mills Kelly, Why I Won’t Get Hired at Middlebury Research and the Internet   What Is a Reliable Site?     Criteria for Web sites Who Is the Author?     Identifying authors     Watch out for false and impartial authorities >Reliable Information: On the Web and Off       Context     Timely data     Documentation and credibility     Hoaxes and frauds Understanding Evidence in Research Writing     Claim     Persuasive Appeals     Questioning evidence     Primary and secondary evidence     The weight of evidence     Remaining impartial     Information without attribution     Evaluating statistical data Writing Assignment: Annotated Bibliography       Example of annotated bibliography Going Beyond the Information Given   Nicholas D. Kristof, Save the Darfur Puppy Writing Assignment: Exploring an Article by Doing Research from It   Lori Aratani, Teens Can Multitask, But What Are Costs? Rob Stein, Premarital Abstinence Pledges Ineffective, Study Finds > Gardiner Harris, Researchers Find Study of Medical Marijuana Discouraged   Chapter 10: Writing Your Reseach paper Researchers as Writers         Working through your project       Discovering order       Shaping your thesis       Substantiating your data       Understanding your audience       Controlling your voice       Using tools of style       Using persuasive appeals       Taking your time Using Sources: In-Text Citation      Using author’s name within a sentence     Using author’s name in parentheses     Using signal phrases with direct quotes     Using direct quotes for words, phrases, and sentences     How to use long quotes     Vary the way you use direct quotes     Using blended quotes within your own sentences     Commas and periods go inside quotation marks     Using colons and semicolons with quotation marks     Using single quotation marks     Using quotation marks around words used in a special sense     Using an ellipsis mark to indicate omission of words     Using brackets to add your own words in a quote     Using “sic” to indicate errors in quotes     When it is appropriate to use direct quotes     Common knowledge   Plagiarism, Summarizing, and Paraphrasing   Writing a Report       A model report       Organizing reports The Formal Outline       The preliminary outline     The formal outline model   Apply What You Have Learned in Earlier Chapters   >Works Cited or References       The bibliography rule A Model Argument Paper     Chapter 11: DOCUMENTATION: MLA AND APA     Guidelines for References in Your Text: MLA Style Directory To MLA Works Cited Models Book: MLA Basic Works Cited Model Books: MLA Works Cited Models Periodical: MLA Basic Works Cited Model Periodicals: MLA Works Cited Models Online Sources: MLA Works Cited Models      Other Sources: MLA Works Cited Models  MLA Guidelines for Manuscript Format                                                                                         APA Style: Name and Date Method of Documentation Guidelines for References in Your Text: APA Style     References List in APA Style Directory to APA Works Cited Models Book: APA Basic Reference Form Books: APA Reference List Models